To suppress — redirect STDERR to /dev/null , which is a Pseudo-device special file. (bit bucket) (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10508843/what-is-dev-null-21)

Documentation:

> Syntax: file_descriptor_opt > file_name
>& Syntax: file_descriptor_opt >& file_descriptor
&> Syntax: &> file_name
command < input-file > output-file equivalent to < input-file command > output-file
N < input_file
here stuff: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_document, https://askubuntu.com/questions/678915/whats-the-difference-between-and-in-bash

Use: (`&` means whatever follows is a file descriptor, not a filename)

&> will redirect all (STDOUT and STDIN)
2>&1 simply says redirect STDERR to STDOUT

Pseudo-devices:

Device nodes on Unix-like systems do not necessarily have to correspond to physical devices. Nodes that lack this correspondence form the group of pseudo-devices. They provide various functions handled by the operating system. Some of the most commonly used (character-based) pseudo-devices include:

/dev/null – accepts and discards all input; produces no output (always returns an end-of-file indication on a read)
/dev/zero – accepts and discards all input; produces a continuous stream of NUL (zero value) bytes
/dev/full – produces a continuous stream of NUL (zero value) bytes when read, and returns a "disk full" message when written to
/dev/random and /dev/urandom – they produce a variable-length stream of pseudo-random numbers.

Redirection

Documentation:

Use: (& means whatever follows is a file descriptor, not a filename)

Pseudo-devices:

Use: (`&` means whatever follows is a file descriptor, not a filename)